Human genetics studies the inheritance of traits, variations in DNA sequences, and the mechanisms by which genes influence physiology and susceptibility to diseases. Advances in genomic sequencing,
bioinformatics, and CRISPR gene-editing technologies have revolutionized the understanding of human genetics. Researchers analyze single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), structural variations, and epigenetic modifications to determine the genetic basis of diseases, drug responses, and physical traits. Human genetics also plays a central role in understanding rare hereditary disorders, predisposition to common illnesses, and population genetics across different ethnic groups.
Personalized medicine, informed by human genetics, enables targeted therapies based on an individual's genetic profile. Pharmacogenomics, for instance, studies how gene variants affect drug metabolism and efficacy, reducing adverse effects and improving treatment outcomes. Prenatal and neonatal genetic screening allows early detection of inherited disorders, guiding interventions to improve health trajectories. Genetic counseling helps families understand risks and make informed decisions regarding reproduction, lifestyle, and diseaseโฆ
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